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What are the advantages of using NPV over IRR for investment decision-making?

NPV provides a direct measure of the added value in monetary terms, while IRR only gives a percentage return, making it easier to compare projects of different sizes.

NPV accounts for the time value of money by discounting future cash flows to their present value, whereas IRR assumes all cash flows are reinvested at the same rate, which may not be realistic.

NPV is more reliable when dealing with non-conventional cash flows, where multiple IRRs may emerge, potentially leading to ambiguous results.

NPV can better handle projects with unequal investment outflows over time, which can confuse the IRR calculation.

NPV allows for the incorporation of a risk-adjusted discount rate, reflecting the riskiness of the project, whereas IRR does not directly address risk.

NPV can be used to rank mutually exclusive projects, while IRR may lead to conflicting rankings, especially when projects have different scales or durations.

NPV provides a clear, quantifiable answer on the net value added by a project, making it more intuitive for non-finance stakeholders, unlike the percentage-based IRR.

NPV is more suitable for capital rationing scenarios, where the goal is to maximize the total value added within a limited budget, rather than just prioritizing the highest percentage returns.

NPV is less sensitive to the timing of cash flows compared to IRR, which can be heavily influenced by the pattern of cash inflows and outflows over the project's lifetime.

NPV can better handle situations where there are differences in the opportunity cost of capital between projects, as it uses the discount rate as an input.

NPV can be used to evaluate projects with different economic lives, whereas IRR comparisons may be skewed by varying project durations.

NPV calculations can be more easily integrated into broader financial models, such as company valuation or portfolio optimization, due to its direct monetary output.

NPV is the preferred method for publicly traded companies, as it aligns with the goal of maximizing shareholder value, whereas IRR may not always correlate with this objective.

NPV is more compatible with the concept of value creation, as it directly measures the incremental wealth generated by a project, unlike IRR which focuses on the rate of return.

NPV can handle variable discount rates over a project's life, reflecting changes in the cost of capital, whereas IRR assumes a constant rate.

NPV can be used to determine the minimum required rate of return for a project to be viable, whereas IRR does not provide this information directly.

NPV is less prone to mathematical errors and computational issues compared to IRR, particularly when dealing with complex cash flow patterns.

NPV is the preferred method for evaluating investments in new technologies or innovations, where the future cash flows may be highly uncertain, as it provides a clearer picture of the potential value.

NPV analysis can be more easily adapted to consider additional factors, such as real options or sensitivity to key variables, whereas IRR is more limited in this regard.

NPV is the recommended method for capital budgeting decisions in most corporate finance textbooks and professional guidelines, reflecting its broader acceptance and superior theoretical foundations.

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